Mati ditikam ayah mabuk
Oleh Siti Nor Hidayatidayu Razali
idayu@hmetro.com.my
idayu@hmetro.com.my
SERDANG: Angkara menegur bapa yang dipercayai mabuk dan berbogel di depan rumah, seorang pekerja kilang berusia 20-an maut selepas ditikam orang tuanya itu dalam kejadian di rumah mereka di Bandar Sungai Emas, Banting, malam kelmarin.
Dalam kejadian kira-kira jam 8.30 malam itu, mangsa dikenali sebagai Razak Kumar meninggal dunia di tempat kejadian akibat parah ditikam di dada.
Difahamkan, bapa mangsa berusia lewat 40-an baru pulang ke rumah dalam keadaan mabuk sebelum bertindak menanggalkan pakaiannya menyebabkan mangsa menegur perbuatan bapanya itu.
Namun, padah menimpa apabila bapanya itu menikam Razak menggunakan pisau.
Setakat ini, polis masih belum dapat mengesahkan dari mana suspek mendapat pisau berkenaan, malah senjata itu juga tidak ditemui di tempat kejadian.
Ketua Jabatan Siasatan Jenayah Selangor, Senior Asisten Komisioner Mohd Adnan Abdullah berkata, bapa mangsa naik berang sebaik ditegur lalu bertindak menikam dada anaknya itu dengan pisau.
“Akibat tikaman itu, mangsa meninggal dunia di lokasi kejadian. Suspek yang menyedari kejadian itu bertindak melarikan diri. Kejadian itu hanya dimaklumkan orang awam kepada polis kira-kira jam 9 malam.
“Polis bergegas ke tempat kejadian untuk menjalankan siasatan lanjut,” katanya pada sidang media di Ibu Pejabat Polis Daerah (IPD) Serdang, di sini semalam.
Menurutnya, Mohd Adnan, mayat mangsa dihantar ke Hospital Banting untuk bedah siasat sebelum diserahkan kepada ahli keluarga bagi urusan pengebumian.
Beliau berkata, suspek yang melarikan diri ditangkap kira-kira jam 11 pagi semalam di sebuah stesen minyak di Teluk Panglima Garang, kira-kira 15 kilometer dari tempat kejadian.
“Kes disiasat mengikut Seksyen 302 Kanun Keseksaan yang boleh dikenakan hukuman mati mandatori jika sabit kesalahan,” katanya.
Beliau berkata, suspek direman tujuh hari mulai semalam.
Dalam kejadian kira-kira jam 8.30 malam itu, mangsa dikenali sebagai Razak Kumar meninggal dunia di tempat kejadian akibat parah ditikam di dada.
Difahamkan, bapa mangsa berusia lewat 40-an baru pulang ke rumah dalam keadaan mabuk sebelum bertindak menanggalkan pakaiannya menyebabkan mangsa menegur perbuatan bapanya itu.
Namun, padah menimpa apabila bapanya itu menikam Razak menggunakan pisau.
Setakat ini, polis masih belum dapat mengesahkan dari mana suspek mendapat pisau berkenaan, malah senjata itu juga tidak ditemui di tempat kejadian.
Ketua Jabatan Siasatan Jenayah Selangor, Senior Asisten Komisioner Mohd Adnan Abdullah berkata, bapa mangsa naik berang sebaik ditegur lalu bertindak menikam dada anaknya itu dengan pisau.
“Akibat tikaman itu, mangsa meninggal dunia di lokasi kejadian. Suspek yang menyedari kejadian itu bertindak melarikan diri. Kejadian itu hanya dimaklumkan orang awam kepada polis kira-kira jam 9 malam.
“Polis bergegas ke tempat kejadian untuk menjalankan siasatan lanjut,” katanya pada sidang media di Ibu Pejabat Polis Daerah (IPD) Serdang, di sini semalam.
Menurutnya, Mohd Adnan, mayat mangsa dihantar ke Hospital Banting untuk bedah siasat sebelum diserahkan kepada ahli keluarga bagi urusan pengebumian.
Beliau berkata, suspek yang melarikan diri ditangkap kira-kira jam 11 pagi semalam di sebuah stesen minyak di Teluk Panglima Garang, kira-kira 15 kilometer dari tempat kejadian.
“Kes disiasat mengikut Seksyen 302 Kanun Keseksaan yang boleh dikenakan hukuman mati mandatori jika sabit kesalahan,” katanya.
Beliau berkata, suspek direman tujuh hari mulai semalam.
ORANG ISLAM YANG MINUM ARAK”
Khamis, 27 Ogos 2009 19:55
Isu hukuman sebat kepada pesalah minum arak telah menarik perhatian pelbagai pihak untuk memberikan pandangan dan komen masing-masing. Hukuman yang dirujuk sebagai pelaksanaan hukum Islam di bawah Seksyen 136 Enakmen Pentadbiran Agama Islam dan Adat Resam Melayu Pahang 1982 dan boleh dihukum di bawah Seksyen 4 enakmen sama (Pindaan) 1987 sebenarnya masih tidak mengikut prinsip syarat hukum Islam yang sebenar. Di bawah hukum Islam, kesalahan meminum arak adalah diletakkan di bawah hukum hudud, iaitu satu hukum yang dinaskan mengikut Al-Quran dan Hadis Rasulullah s.a.w. Apabila asasnya adalah nas, maka ianya adalah aspek agama Islam yang wajib untuk dilaksanakan kepada penganutnya – kerana ianya berkait dengan tanggungjawab antara manusia dengan Tuhan, antara dosa pahala serta pembalasan di hari akhirat.
Jika bersandarkan kepada nas, maka hukuman ke atas peminum arak untuk penganut Islam setelah sabit kesalahan ialah sebatan antara 40 – 80 rotan jumlahnya. Apa yang paling penting untuk difahami ialah cara sebatan yang dilaksanakan di dalam penjara sekarang adalah sangat berbeza dengan kaedah sebenar hukum Islam, kerana mengikut Islam sebatan ini perlu mengambil kira keadaan dan kesihatan pesalah, selain dari memastikan pesalah dalam keadaan sepenuhnya berpakaian menutup aurat. Alat sebatan dan kaedah merotan hendaklah juga sederhana, antaranya bila sebatan dilaksanakan tangan tidak boleh diangkat sehingga menampakkan ketiak. Sebatan juga tidak boleh sampai mencederakan, dan sebatan dilakukan di beberapa tempat pada badan dan bukannya pada satu tempat sahaja.
Dalam Islam, hukuman ini bukan bersifat untuk menyeksa tetapi bersifat mendidik pelaku kesalahan serta mendidik masyarakat awam supaya gerun untuk melakukan perbuatan itu lagi. Aspek pencegahan inilah yang perlu ada dalam melaksanakan hukuman dalam undang-undang Islam. Ianya memerlukan pindaan supaya proses undang-undang Islam yang adil dapat dilaksanakan. Oleh yang demikian, kita meminta supaya pihak berkuasa tidak gopoh dalam pelaksanaan itu sehingga memberi gambaran salah mengikut syariat Islam. Dalam masa yang sama kita berharap supaya wanita yang disabitkan itu bertaubat kerana Allah Maha Pengampun dan Penyayang.
Apa yang seharusnya berlaku ialah arak haruslah di haramkan penjualannya secara menyeluruh terlebih dahulu kepada semua orang Islam. Masyarakat dan kerajaan juga perlu dididik supaya faham bahawa arak adalah haram di sisi agama Islam. Haramnya arak adalah tidak mengira tempat – samada restoran kecil atau besar, atau hatta di dalam rumah sendiri.
Menjalankan hukuman terhadap peminum arak tanpa menghapuskan puncanya – adalah seumpama menghadapi nyamuk aedes dengan menamparnya sahaja, tetapi longkang-longkang dibiarkan berselerak sehingga menjadi tempat pembiakan nyamuk yang membawa denggi !
Menjalankan hukuman terhadap peminum arak tanpa menghapuskan puncanya – adalah seumpama menghadapi nyamuk aedes dengan menamparnya sahaja, tetapi longkang-longkang dibiarkan berselerak sehingga menjadi tempat pembiakan nyamuk yang membawa denggi !
Dato’ Seri Tuan Guru Abdul Hadi Awang
Presiden PAS
Arak yang juga disebut “khamar” dalam bahasa Arab bermaksud minuman yang memabukkan. Ia menjadi minuman kemegahan bagi orang-orang fasik, kafir dan munafik. Di dalam Islam hukum meminumnya adalah haram.
Nabi Muhammad s.a.w bersabda:
Oleh itu tidak ada alasan untuk meminum arak walaupun seteguk ataupun setitik.Dalil Hadis kutukan Allah tentang arak
Dari Annas bin Malik katanya, Nabi Muhammad s.a.w bersabda:
Sesungguhnya arak itu terlalu banyak keburukan dan kemudaratan kepada manusia, di antaranya :-
Hukuman jenayah hudud bagi peminum arak telah disebutkan dengan jelas di dalam Hadis Rasulullah yang diriwayatkan oleh Imam Bukhari dan Muslim. Orang-orang Islam yang meminum arak dan telah sabit ke atasnya hukuman tersebut wajib disebat sebanyak 80 kali sebatan. Hukuman 80 kali sebatan kali sebatan ini dikenakan ke atas peminum arak untuk kesalahan yang dilakukan berulang-ulang sehingga sebanyak 3 kali. Sekiranya kesalahan tersebut diteruskan juga dalam erti kata lain si peminum sudah ketagihan maka dalam hal ini ulama' berpendapat hukuman selayaknya dikenakan adalah hukuman pancung. Hukuman ini hanya boleh dilakukan oleh imam (pemerintah atau hakim di dalam Daulah Islamiyah). Di antara syarat-syarat untuk mensabitkan hukuman terhadap orang yang meminum arak ialah :
Presiden PAS
Arak dalam Islam
Arak yang juga disebut “khamar” dalam bahasa Arab bermaksud minuman yang memabukkan. Ia menjadi minuman kemegahan bagi orang-orang fasik, kafir dan munafik. Di dalam Islam hukum meminumnya adalah haram.
Dalil Al-Quran haram minum arak
Firman Allah S.W.T. yang bermaksud:| “ | "Wahai orang-orang yang beriman! Bahawa sesungguhnya arak dan judi dan pemujaan berhala dan mengundi nasib dengan batang-batang anak panah, adalah (semuanya) kotor (keji) dari perbuatan Syaitan. Oleh itu hendaklah kamu menjauhinya supaya kamu berjaya." (Surah Al-Maa’idah : ayat 90) [1] | ” |
Dalil Hadis haram minum arak
Hadis Ibnu Umar r.a katanya: Rasulullah s.a.w bersabda:| “ | Setiap minuman yang memabukkan adalah arak dan setiap yang memabukkan adalah haram. Sesiapa yang meminum arak di dunia lalu meninggal dunia dalam keadaan dia masih tetap meminumnya dan tidak bertaubat, maka dia tidak akan dapat meminumnya di Akhirat kelak (di Syurga)." (Nombor Hadis Dalam Kitab Sahih Muslim [Dalam Bahasa Arab sahaja]: 3733) [2] | ” |
| “ | "Apa yang memabukkan dalam jumlah yang banyak, adalah diharamkan walau dalam jumlah yang sedikit." (Kitab Sunan Ibnu Majah Jilid 3, Kitab memabukkan , Bab 30, hadis No. 3392) | ” |
Dari Annas bin Malik katanya, Nabi Muhammad s.a.w bersabda:
| “ | “ Sepuluh orang yang dikutuk Allah mengenai arak :-
| ” |
Ibu segala maksiat
Nabi Muhammad s.a.w bersabda:| “ | " Arak adalah ibu segala maksiat dan ianya adalah maksiat paling mengaibkan." (Kitab Sunan Ibnu Majah jilid 3, kitab memabukkan, Bab 30, Hadis no. 3371) | ” |
- Merosakkan akal fikiran dan kesihatan
- Merosakkan akhlak dan akidah seseorang
- Memalingkan manusia daripada ingatkan Allah dan daripada mengerjakan solat
- Membawa manusia ke arah kemurkaan Allah
- Boleh menimbulkan permusuhan dan kebencian di antara manusia
- Memporak-perandakan rumahtangga, keluarga, masyarakat dan negara.
Fitnah nama-nama arak
Daripada Abu Malik al-Ays’ari katanya, Nabi Muhammad s.a.w bersabda:| “ | "Sesungguhnya akan ada segolongan manusia dari umatku yang akan meminum arak dan mereka menamakannya dengan nama yang lain. (Mereka meminum) sambil dialunkan dengan bunyi muzik atau suara para artis. Allah akan menenggelamkan mereka ke dalam bumi (dengan gempa) dan akan merubah mereka menjadi kera atau babi." (Riwayat Ibnu Majah (4020) dalam kitab al-Fitan, bab hukuman.) | ” |
Hukuman Hudud minum arak
Diriwayatkan daripada Anas bin Malik r.a katanya:| “ | Sesungguhnya seorang lelaki yang meminum arak telah dihadapkan kepada Nabi s.a.w kemudian baginda telah memukulnya dengan dua pelepah kurma sebanyak empat puluh kali. [4] | ” |
- Orang yang sudah mukallaf
- Dengan kemahuan sendiri
- Mengetahui haram hukum meminumnya
- Telah diakui oleh yang minum, atau dilihat oleh 2 orang saksi laki-laki yang adil
SIS Yang Dangkal Tak Tahu Hukum Minum Arak Bagi Orang Islam
SIS : Hukuman sebat (syariah) bercanggah dengan hak asasi manusia
by KetamBatu Oleh: dewa
"
Sister Anti Islam dengan celuparnya membuat serangan terbaru ke atas Islam dengan membuat kenyataan media menghina-hina sistem perundangan Islam khususnya sebat sebagai bercanggah dengan hak asasi kemanusiaan. Kalau sudah begitu benci sekali kepada Islam, mengapa tidak tukar agama saja?
Itulah soalan penulis kepada seorang ahli Sister Anti Islam. Jawapan yang diberikan ialah bukan mudah nak tukar agama di Malaysia ni.
Hukum hudud adalah hukuman yang telah ditentukan dan ditetapkan secara mutlak oleh Allah Ta'ala sebagaimana yang dijelaskan di dalam Al-Quran dan Hadits-hadits (shahih). Hukuman hudud adalah hak Allah Ta'ala yang tidak boleh ditukar ganti hukumannya dan tidak boleh pula diubahsuai dan dipinda.
Hukuman hudud tidak boleh dimaafkan oleh sesiapa pun - rujuk Al-Baqarah, ayat 229.
Kesalahan-kesalahan yang WAJIB dikenakan hukuman hudud ialah::
1) Murtad, iaitu orang yang keluar dari agama Islam, sama ada dengan perbuatan atau dengan perkataan, atau dengan i'tiqad kepercayaan.
2) Berzina - iaitu melakukan persetubuhan tanpa nikah yang sah mengikut hukum syara'.
3) Qazaf atau menuduh orang berzina, iaitu membuat tuduhan zina ke atas orang yang baik lagi suci atau menafikan keturunannya (seperti mengatakan anak zina dan sebagainya), DAN tuduhan itu tidak dapat dibuktikan dengan empat orang saksi.
4) Minum arak atau minuman yang memabukkan, sama ada sedikit atau banyak, mabuk atau tidak.
5) Mencuri, iaitu memindahkan secara bersembunyi harta dari jagaan atau milikan tuannya tanpa persetujuan tuannya dengan niat untuk menghilangkan harta itu dari jagaan atau milikan tuannya.
6) Merompak, iaitu keluar seseorang atau sekumpulan orang yang bertujuan untuk mengambil harta atau membunuh atau menakutkan dengan cara kekerasan.
7) Penderhaka (Bughat), iaitu segolongan umat Islam yang melawan atau menderhaka kepada Ulul Amr (pemerintah Islam) yang menjalankan syariah Islam dan hukum-hukum Allah.
Alcohol dependence is a serious disease that can have far reaching consequences.
by Dr Raminder Kaur
Alcohol abuse is defined as a pattern of drinking that results in one or more of the following situations within a 12-month period :
* Failure to fulfil major work, school, or home responsibilities
* Drinking in situations that are physically dangerous, such as while driving a car or operating machinery. Slower reaction times and problems with hearing and seeing after alcohol put people at higher risk for falls, car crashes, and other types of injuries.
* Having recurring alcohol-related legal problems, such as being arrested for driving under the influence of alcohol or for physically hurting someone while drunk
* Continued drinking despite having ongoing relationship problems that are caused or worsened by the drinking Alcoholism
Alcoholism, or alcohol dependence, is the most severe form of alcohol abuse. It is a chronic disease characterised by the consumption of alcohol at a level that interferes with physical and mental health and with family and social responsibilities. An alcoholic will continue to drink despite serious health, family, or legal problems.
Alcoholism is influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. Alcoholism is chronic – it lasts a person’s lifetime. It usually follows a predictable course and has recognisable symptoms.
Alcohol abuse and alcoholism cut across gender, race, and ethnicity. Nearly 14 million people in the United States are dependent on alcohol. More men than women are alcohol dependent or have alcohol problems. Alcohol problems are highest among young adults ages 18-29 and lowest among adults ages 65 and older.
Also, people who start drinking at an early age have a greater chance of developing alcohol problems at some point in their lives.
Alcohol’s effects vary with age. Slower reaction times, problems with hearing and seeing, and a lower tolerance to alcohol’s effects put older people at higher risk for falls, car crashes, and other types of injuries that may result from drinking. More than 150 medications interact harmfully with alcohol.
Alcohol also affects women differently than men. Women become more impaired than men do after drinking the same amount of alcohol, even when differences in body weight are taken into account.
In addition, chronic alcohol abuse takes a heavier physical toll on women than on men. Alcohol dependence and related medical problems, such as brain, heart, and liver damage, progress more rapidly in women.
Symptoms of Alcoholism
Alcoholism, also known as alcohol dependence, is a disease that includes :
* Craving : A strong need, or compulsion, to drink
* Loss of control : The inability to limit one’s drinking on any given occasion
* Physical dependence: Includes evidence of tolerance and withdrawal
* Tolerance: The need to drink greater amounts of alcohol in order to get drunk
* Withdrawal symptoms : Nausea, vomiting, sweating, shakiness, hallucinations (visual or auditory), anxiety, and even seizures. These symptoms can occur in individuals who have been heavy drinkers over a period of time.
Alcohol abuse differs from alcohol dependence in that :
1. It does not include an extremely strong craving for alcohol
2. A person may experience some loss of control over drinking, which may lead to problems with work, home, school, relationships, or the law
3. It usually does not include signs of physical dependence
Answering the following four questions can help you find out if you or a loved one has a drinking problem:
* Have you ever felt you should cut down on your drinking?
* Have people annoyed you by criticising your drinking?
* Have you ever felt bad or guilty about your drinking?
* Have you ever had a drink first thing in the morning to steady your nerves or to get rid of a hangover?
One yes answer suggests a possible alcohol problem. A yes to more than one question indicates that it is highly likely a problem exists. In either case, it is important to consult a doctor or other healthcare provider immediately to determine if you have a drinking problem and, if so, initiate the best course of action.
Even if you answered no to all of the above questions, you may still need help. You should seek a professional if you encounter drinking-related problems with your job, relationships, health, or the law. The effects of alcohol abuse can be extremely serious, even fatal, to you and to others.
Health Hazards
Alcohol abuse can lead to the following health problems :
* Increased incidence of cancer, particularly cancer of the larynx, oesophagus, liver, and colon
* Alcoholic hepatitis, an acute syndrome reported by patients who have ingested about 100 grams of alcohol (about eight ounces of 100-proof whiskey, 30 ounces of wine, or eight 12-ounce cans of beer) daily for over one year. Symptoms can include fever, jaundice, and enlarged liver
* Acute and/or chronic pancreatitis – inflammatory disease of the pancreas
* Cirrhosis of the liver – alcohol abuse can cause alcoholic hepatitis, which then can lead to cirrhosis, or fibrotic changes in the liver.
* Alcoholic neuropathy – degenerative changes in the nervous system affecting nerves responsible for sensation and movement
* Alcoholic cardiomyopathy
* High blood pressure
* Nutritional deficiencies – vitamin B12, folate, and thiamine
* High blood pressure
* Erectile dysfunction
* Cessation of menses
* Foetal alcohol syndrome in the children of women who drink during pregnancy
* Depression
* Traffic fatalities
* Accidental deaths
* Increased risk of suicide
* Alcohol dementia
* Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome or Wernicke’s encephalopathy : a syndrome of central nervous system changes resulting from thiamine deficiency where an individual becomes confused, loses balance while walking, and shows loss of vision.
Treatment
Many people with alcohol problems don’t recognise when their drinking gets out of hand. In the past, treatment providers believed that alcoholics should be confronted about denial of their drinking problems, but now research has shown that compassionate and empathetic counselling is more effective.
Most alcoholics need help to recover from disease. In most cases, relapse rates are high. However, with support and treatment, many people are able to stop drinking and rebuild their lives.
Alcoholism treatment programmes use both counselling and medications to help a person stop drinking.
Three general steps are involved in treating the alcoholic once the disorder has been diagnosed : intervention, detoxification, and rehabilitation. Research finds that the traditional confrontational intervention – where the employer or family members surprise the alcoholic and threaten consequences if treatment is NOT effective.
Studies find that more people enter treatment if their family members or employers are honest with them about their concerns and try to help them to see that drinking is preventing them from reaching their goals.
Once the problem has been recognised, total abstinence from alcohol is required for those who are dependent; for those who are problem drinkers, moderation may be successful.
Since many alcoholics initially refuse to believe that their drinking is out of control, a trial of moderation can often be an effective way to deal with the problem. If it succeeds, the problem is solved. If not, the person is usually ready to try abstinence. Because alcoholism affects the people closely related to the alcoholic person, treatment for family members through counselling is often necessary.
Detoxification is the first phase of treatment. Withdrawal from alcohol is done in a controlled, supervised setting in which medications relieve symptoms. Detoxification usually takes four to seven days. Examination for other medical problems is necessary. For example, liver and blood-clotting problems are common. A balanced diet with vitamin supplements is important.
Complications associated with the acute withdrawal from alcohol may occur, such as delirium tremens (DT’s), which could be fatal. Depression or other underlying mood disorders should be evaluated and treated, as alcohol abuse often develops from efforts to self-treat an illness.
Alcohol recovery or rehabilitation programmes support the affected person after detoxification to maintain abstinence from alcohol. Counselling, psychological support, nursing, and medical care are usually available within these programmes. Education about the disease of alcoholism and its effects is part of the therapy.
Many of the professional staff involved in rehabilitation centres are recovering alcoholics who serve as role models. Programmes can be either inpatient, with the patient residing in the facility during the treatment, or outpatient, with the patient attending the programme while they live at home.
Research supported by the National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) has made considerable progress in evaluating commonly used therapies and developing new types of therapies to treat alcohol-related problems.
One large-scale study sponsored by NIAAA found that each of three commonly used behavioural treatments for alcohol abuse and alcoholism – enhancement therapy, cognitive-behavioural therapy, and 12-step therapy – reduced drinking in the year following treatment. Three years after the study ended, approximately one-third of the study participants were either still abstinent or drinking without serious problems.
Other therapies that have been evaluated and found effective in reducing alcohol problems include brief intervention for alcohol abusers (individuals who are not dependent on alcohol) and behavioural therapy.
It is also important to remember that often, other psychiatric conditions, for example depression or bipolar disorder, may coexist with alcoholism. Therefore, coexisting or underlying disorders should be recognised and treated.
Individuals suffering from other underlying psychiatric conditions may use alcohol as a form of self-medication. If this is the case, proper diagnosis of any coexisting conditions is all the more valuable.
Medications
Though several medications can help treat alcoholism, there is no “magic bullet”. No single medication is available that works in every case and/or in every person. Developing new and more effective medications to treat alcoholism remains a high priority for researchers.
Three oral medications – disulfiram (Antabuse®), naltrexone (Depade®, ReVia®), and acamprosate (Campral®) – are currently approved to treat alcohol dependence. In addition, an injectable, long-acting form of naltrexone (Vivitrol®) is available.
These medications have been shown to help people with dependence reduce their drinking, avoid relapse to heavy drinking, and achieve and maintain abstinence.
Naltrexone acts in the brain to reduce craving for alcohol after someone has stopped drinking. Acamprosate is thought to work by reducing symptoms that follow lengthy abstinence, such as anxiety and insomnia. Disulfiram discourages drinking by making the person taking it feel sick after drinking alcohol.
Other types of drugs are available to help manage symptoms of withdrawal (such as shakiness, nausea, and sweating) if they occur after someone with alcohol dependence stops drinking.
Early recognition of these symptoms and immediate treatment can prevent some of the symptoms or drastically limit severity.
Seeking Help For an Unwilling Alcoholic
An alcoholic can’t be forced to get help except under certain circumstances, such as a violent incident that results in court-ordered treatment or medical emergency. But you don’t have to wait for someone to 'hit rock bottom'. Many alcoholism treatment specialists suggest the following steps to help an alcoholic :
* Stop all 'cover-ups'. Family members often make excuses or try to protect the alcoholic from the results of his or her drinking. It is important to stop covering for the alcoholic so that he or she experiences the full consequences of drinking.
The best time to talk to the drinker about his or her drinking is shortly after an alcohol-related problem has occurred – a serious family argument or an accident. Choose a time when he or she is sober, both of you are fairly calm, and you have a chance to talk in private.
* Be specific. Tell the family member that you are worried about his or her drinking. Use examples of the ways in which the drinking has caused problems, including the most recent incident.
* State the results. Explain to the drinker what you will do if he or she doesn’t seek help. What you say may range from refusing to go with the person to any social activity where alcohol will be served to moving out of the house. Do not make any threats you are not prepared to carry out.
* Get help. Gather information in advance about treatment options in your community. If the person is willing to get help, call immediately for an appointment with a treatment counsellor. Offer to go with the family member on the first visit to a treatment programme and/or an Alcoholics Anonymous meeting.
* Call a friend. If the family member still refuses to get help, ask a friend to talk to him or her using the steps just described. A friend who is a recovering alcoholic may be particularly persuasive, but any person who is caring and non-judgmental may help. The intervention of more than one person, more than one time, is often necessary to coax an alcoholic to seek help.
* Find strength in numbers. With the help of a healthcare professional, some families join with other relatives and friends to confront an alcoholic as a group. This approach should only be tried under the guidance of a healthcare professional experienced in group intervention.
* Get support. It is important to remember that you are not alone. Alcoholism treatment works for many people. But just like any chronic disease, there are varying levels of success when it comes to treatment. Some people stop drinking and remain sober. Others have long periods of sobriety with bouts of relapse. And still others cannot stop drinking for any length of time.
With treatment, one thing is clear – the longer a person abstains from alcohol, the more likely he or she will stay sober.
by KetamBatu Oleh: dewa
"
Sister Anti Islam dengan celuparnya membuat serangan terbaru ke atas Islam dengan membuat kenyataan media menghina-hina sistem perundangan Islam khususnya sebat sebagai bercanggah dengan hak asasi kemanusiaan. Kalau sudah begitu benci sekali kepada Islam, mengapa tidak tukar agama saja?Itulah soalan penulis kepada seorang ahli Sister Anti Islam. Jawapan yang diberikan ialah bukan mudah nak tukar agama di Malaysia ni.
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Penjelasan Tentang Hukum Minum Arak
Hukum hudud adalah hukuman yang telah ditentukan dan ditetapkan secara mutlak oleh Allah Ta'ala sebagaimana yang dijelaskan di dalam Al-Quran dan Hadits-hadits (shahih). Hukuman hudud adalah hak Allah Ta'ala yang tidak boleh ditukar ganti hukumannya dan tidak boleh pula diubahsuai dan dipinda.
Hukuman hudud tidak boleh dimaafkan oleh sesiapa pun - rujuk Al-Baqarah, ayat 229.
Kesalahan-kesalahan yang WAJIB dikenakan hukuman hudud ialah::
1) Murtad, iaitu orang yang keluar dari agama Islam, sama ada dengan perbuatan atau dengan perkataan, atau dengan i'tiqad kepercayaan.
2) Berzina - iaitu melakukan persetubuhan tanpa nikah yang sah mengikut hukum syara'.
3) Qazaf atau menuduh orang berzina, iaitu membuat tuduhan zina ke atas orang yang baik lagi suci atau menafikan keturunannya (seperti mengatakan anak zina dan sebagainya), DAN tuduhan itu tidak dapat dibuktikan dengan empat orang saksi.
4) Minum arak atau minuman yang memabukkan, sama ada sedikit atau banyak, mabuk atau tidak.
5) Mencuri, iaitu memindahkan secara bersembunyi harta dari jagaan atau milikan tuannya tanpa persetujuan tuannya dengan niat untuk menghilangkan harta itu dari jagaan atau milikan tuannya.
6) Merompak, iaitu keluar seseorang atau sekumpulan orang yang bertujuan untuk mengambil harta atau membunuh atau menakutkan dengan cara kekerasan.
7) Penderhaka (Bughat), iaitu segolongan umat Islam yang melawan atau menderhaka kepada Ulul Amr (pemerintah Islam) yang menjalankan syariah Islam dan hukum-hukum Allah.
HUKUM MINUM ARAK (KHAMAR)
Minum arak, hukumnya adalah haram, sama ada sedikit atau banyak, mabuk atau tidak, kecuali ketika darurat, dan arak itu adalah najis ainnya. Firmannya:-
Wahai orang-orang yang beriman! Bahawa sesungguhnya arak dan judi, dan pemujaan berhala, dan mengundi nasib dengan batang-batang anak panah, adalah semata-mata kotor(najis/keji) dari perbuatan syaitan. Oleh itu hendaklah kamu menjauhinya supaya kamu berjaya. - Surah al-Ma''idah: 90
HUKUMAN ORANG YANG MINUM ARAK(KHAMAR)
Dalam qanun jinayah Syar'iyah seseorang yang telah sabit kesalahan minum arak atau sebarang minuman yang memabukkan, sama ada dia mabuk atau tidak, wajib dikenakan hukuman sebat tidak lebih dari lapan puluh kali sebat dan tidak kurang dari empat puluh kali sebat, hukuman ini adalah berdalilkan hadis rasulullah saw yang diriwayatkan dari Ali Ibn Abi Talib ra:-
Rasulullah saw telah menyebatkan orang yang minum arak sebanyak empat puluh kali sebat, dan Saidina Abu bakar telah menyebat sebanyak empat puluh kali sebat juga, dan saidina Umar menyebat sebanyak lapan puluh kali sebat. Semuanya adalah sunnah Rasulullah saw. Dan ini yang lebih aku sukai. - Riwayat Muslim.
KESABITAN KESALAHAN MINUM ARAK(KHAMAR)
Untuk mensabitkan kesalahan seseorang minum arak(khamar) adalah tertakluk di bawah tiga sebab:-
(i) Minuman yang diminuman itu ialah khamar, iaitu minuman yang memabukkan dan menghilangkan akal fikiran manusia.
(ii) Orang yang meminum minuman itu mengetahui bahawa minuman yang diminumannya tadi memabukkan dan menutup akal fikirannya.
iii) Sengaja melakukan kesalahan meminum minman yang memabukkan
Abusing Alcohol
by Dr Raminder Kaur
Alcohol abuse is defined as a pattern of drinking that results in one or more of the following situations within a 12-month period :
* Failure to fulfil major work, school, or home responsibilities
* Drinking in situations that are physically dangerous, such as while driving a car or operating machinery. Slower reaction times and problems with hearing and seeing after alcohol put people at higher risk for falls, car crashes, and other types of injuries.
* Having recurring alcohol-related legal problems, such as being arrested for driving under the influence of alcohol or for physically hurting someone while drunk
* Continued drinking despite having ongoing relationship problems that are caused or worsened by the drinking
Alcoholism, or alcohol dependence, is the most severe form of alcohol abuse. It is a chronic disease characterised by the consumption of alcohol at a level that interferes with physical and mental health and with family and social responsibilities. An alcoholic will continue to drink despite serious health, family, or legal problems.
Alcoholism is influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. Alcoholism is chronic – it lasts a person’s lifetime. It usually follows a predictable course and has recognisable symptoms.
Alcohol abuse and alcoholism cut across gender, race, and ethnicity. Nearly 14 million people in the United States are dependent on alcohol. More men than women are alcohol dependent or have alcohol problems. Alcohol problems are highest among young adults ages 18-29 and lowest among adults ages 65 and older.
Also, people who start drinking at an early age have a greater chance of developing alcohol problems at some point in their lives.
Alcohol’s effects vary with age. Slower reaction times, problems with hearing and seeing, and a lower tolerance to alcohol’s effects put older people at higher risk for falls, car crashes, and other types of injuries that may result from drinking. More than 150 medications interact harmfully with alcohol.
Alcohol also affects women differently than men. Women become more impaired than men do after drinking the same amount of alcohol, even when differences in body weight are taken into account.
In addition, chronic alcohol abuse takes a heavier physical toll on women than on men. Alcohol dependence and related medical problems, such as brain, heart, and liver damage, progress more rapidly in women.
Symptoms of Alcoholism
Alcoholism, also known as alcohol dependence, is a disease that includes :
* Craving : A strong need, or compulsion, to drink
* Loss of control : The inability to limit one’s drinking on any given occasion
* Physical dependence: Includes evidence of tolerance and withdrawal
* Tolerance: The need to drink greater amounts of alcohol in order to get drunk
* Withdrawal symptoms : Nausea, vomiting, sweating, shakiness, hallucinations (visual or auditory), anxiety, and even seizures. These symptoms can occur in individuals who have been heavy drinkers over a period of time.
Alcohol abuse differs from alcohol dependence in that :
1. It does not include an extremely strong craving for alcohol
2. A person may experience some loss of control over drinking, which may lead to problems with work, home, school, relationships, or the law
3. It usually does not include signs of physical dependence
Answering the following four questions can help you find out if you or a loved one has a drinking problem:
* Have you ever felt you should cut down on your drinking?
* Have people annoyed you by criticising your drinking?
* Have you ever felt bad or guilty about your drinking?
* Have you ever had a drink first thing in the morning to steady your nerves or to get rid of a hangover?
One yes answer suggests a possible alcohol problem. A yes to more than one question indicates that it is highly likely a problem exists. In either case, it is important to consult a doctor or other healthcare provider immediately to determine if you have a drinking problem and, if so, initiate the best course of action.
Even if you answered no to all of the above questions, you may still need help. You should seek a professional if you encounter drinking-related problems with your job, relationships, health, or the law. The effects of alcohol abuse can be extremely serious, even fatal, to you and to others.
Health Hazards
Alcohol abuse can lead to the following health problems :
* Increased incidence of cancer, particularly cancer of the larynx, oesophagus, liver, and colon
* Alcoholic hepatitis, an acute syndrome reported by patients who have ingested about 100 grams of alcohol (about eight ounces of 100-proof whiskey, 30 ounces of wine, or eight 12-ounce cans of beer) daily for over one year. Symptoms can include fever, jaundice, and enlarged liver
* Acute and/or chronic pancreatitis – inflammatory disease of the pancreas
* Cirrhosis of the liver – alcohol abuse can cause alcoholic hepatitis, which then can lead to cirrhosis, or fibrotic changes in the liver.
* Alcoholic neuropathy – degenerative changes in the nervous system affecting nerves responsible for sensation and movement
* Alcoholic cardiomyopathy
* High blood pressure
* Nutritional deficiencies – vitamin B12, folate, and thiamine
* High blood pressure
* Erectile dysfunction
* Cessation of menses
* Foetal alcohol syndrome in the children of women who drink during pregnancy
* Depression
* Traffic fatalities
* Accidental deaths
* Increased risk of suicide
* Alcohol dementia
* Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome or Wernicke’s encephalopathy : a syndrome of central nervous system changes resulting from thiamine deficiency where an individual becomes confused, loses balance while walking, and shows loss of vision.
Treatment
Many people with alcohol problems don’t recognise when their drinking gets out of hand. In the past, treatment providers believed that alcoholics should be confronted about denial of their drinking problems, but now research has shown that compassionate and empathetic counselling is more effective.
Most alcoholics need help to recover from disease. In most cases, relapse rates are high. However, with support and treatment, many people are able to stop drinking and rebuild their lives.
Alcoholism treatment programmes use both counselling and medications to help a person stop drinking.
Three general steps are involved in treating the alcoholic once the disorder has been diagnosed : intervention, detoxification, and rehabilitation. Research finds that the traditional confrontational intervention – where the employer or family members surprise the alcoholic and threaten consequences if treatment is NOT effective.
Studies find that more people enter treatment if their family members or employers are honest with them about their concerns and try to help them to see that drinking is preventing them from reaching their goals.
Once the problem has been recognised, total abstinence from alcohol is required for those who are dependent; for those who are problem drinkers, moderation may be successful.
Since many alcoholics initially refuse to believe that their drinking is out of control, a trial of moderation can often be an effective way to deal with the problem. If it succeeds, the problem is solved. If not, the person is usually ready to try abstinence. Because alcoholism affects the people closely related to the alcoholic person, treatment for family members through counselling is often necessary.
Detoxification is the first phase of treatment. Withdrawal from alcohol is done in a controlled, supervised setting in which medications relieve symptoms. Detoxification usually takes four to seven days. Examination for other medical problems is necessary. For example, liver and blood-clotting problems are common. A balanced diet with vitamin supplements is important.
Complications associated with the acute withdrawal from alcohol may occur, such as delirium tremens (DT’s), which could be fatal. Depression or other underlying mood disorders should be evaluated and treated, as alcohol abuse often develops from efforts to self-treat an illness.
Alcohol recovery or rehabilitation programmes support the affected person after detoxification to maintain abstinence from alcohol. Counselling, psychological support, nursing, and medical care are usually available within these programmes. Education about the disease of alcoholism and its effects is part of the therapy.
Many of the professional staff involved in rehabilitation centres are recovering alcoholics who serve as role models. Programmes can be either inpatient, with the patient residing in the facility during the treatment, or outpatient, with the patient attending the programme while they live at home.
Research supported by the National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) has made considerable progress in evaluating commonly used therapies and developing new types of therapies to treat alcohol-related problems.
One large-scale study sponsored by NIAAA found that each of three commonly used behavioural treatments for alcohol abuse and alcoholism – enhancement therapy, cognitive-behavioural therapy, and 12-step therapy – reduced drinking in the year following treatment. Three years after the study ended, approximately one-third of the study participants were either still abstinent or drinking without serious problems.
Other therapies that have been evaluated and found effective in reducing alcohol problems include brief intervention for alcohol abusers (individuals who are not dependent on alcohol) and behavioural therapy.
It is also important to remember that often, other psychiatric conditions, for example depression or bipolar disorder, may coexist with alcoholism. Therefore, coexisting or underlying disorders should be recognised and treated.
Individuals suffering from other underlying psychiatric conditions may use alcohol as a form of self-medication. If this is the case, proper diagnosis of any coexisting conditions is all the more valuable.
Medications
Though several medications can help treat alcoholism, there is no “magic bullet”. No single medication is available that works in every case and/or in every person. Developing new and more effective medications to treat alcoholism remains a high priority for researchers.
Three oral medications – disulfiram (Antabuse®), naltrexone (Depade®, ReVia®), and acamprosate (Campral®) – are currently approved to treat alcohol dependence. In addition, an injectable, long-acting form of naltrexone (Vivitrol®) is available.
These medications have been shown to help people with dependence reduce their drinking, avoid relapse to heavy drinking, and achieve and maintain abstinence.
Naltrexone acts in the brain to reduce craving for alcohol after someone has stopped drinking. Acamprosate is thought to work by reducing symptoms that follow lengthy abstinence, such as anxiety and insomnia. Disulfiram discourages drinking by making the person taking it feel sick after drinking alcohol.
Other types of drugs are available to help manage symptoms of withdrawal (such as shakiness, nausea, and sweating) if they occur after someone with alcohol dependence stops drinking.
Early recognition of these symptoms and immediate treatment can prevent some of the symptoms or drastically limit severity.
Seeking Help For an Unwilling Alcoholic
An alcoholic can’t be forced to get help except under certain circumstances, such as a violent incident that results in court-ordered treatment or medical emergency. But you don’t have to wait for someone to 'hit rock bottom'. Many alcoholism treatment specialists suggest the following steps to help an alcoholic :
* Stop all 'cover-ups'. Family members often make excuses or try to protect the alcoholic from the results of his or her drinking. It is important to stop covering for the alcoholic so that he or she experiences the full consequences of drinking.
The best time to talk to the drinker about his or her drinking is shortly after an alcohol-related problem has occurred – a serious family argument or an accident. Choose a time when he or she is sober, both of you are fairly calm, and you have a chance to talk in private.
* Be specific. Tell the family member that you are worried about his or her drinking. Use examples of the ways in which the drinking has caused problems, including the most recent incident.
* State the results. Explain to the drinker what you will do if he or she doesn’t seek help. What you say may range from refusing to go with the person to any social activity where alcohol will be served to moving out of the house. Do not make any threats you are not prepared to carry out.
* Get help. Gather information in advance about treatment options in your community. If the person is willing to get help, call immediately for an appointment with a treatment counsellor. Offer to go with the family member on the first visit to a treatment programme and/or an Alcoholics Anonymous meeting.
* Call a friend. If the family member still refuses to get help, ask a friend to talk to him or her using the steps just described. A friend who is a recovering alcoholic may be particularly persuasive, but any person who is caring and non-judgmental may help. The intervention of more than one person, more than one time, is often necessary to coax an alcoholic to seek help.
* Find strength in numbers. With the help of a healthcare professional, some families join with other relatives and friends to confront an alcoholic as a group. This approach should only be tried under the guidance of a healthcare professional experienced in group intervention.
* Get support. It is important to remember that you are not alone. Alcoholism treatment works for many people. But just like any chronic disease, there are varying levels of success when it comes to treatment. Some people stop drinking and remain sober. Others have long periods of sobriety with bouts of relapse. And still others cannot stop drinking for any length of time.
With treatment, one thing is clear – the longer a person abstains from alcohol, the more likely he or she will stay sober.
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